ABSTRACT
Copaiba trees and their oleoresin is an important natural product used as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drug, in particular for gynecological infections. The in vitro release profile of sesquiterpenes in a vaginal cream containing copaiba (CVC – copaiba vaginal cream) oleoresin in buffered solutions at different pHs was evaluated in the present study. The dissolution test revealed that trans-caryophyllene (TC) was constantly released until the final test time. The maximum peaks were found at a concentration of 478.79 nL/mL for the buffer at pH 5 and at a concentration of 475.99 nL/mL for the buffer at pH 6, with a percentage release of 50.52% and 50.21%, respectively. Likewise, the caryophyllene oxide (CO) was released into the buffers at pHs 5 and 6, with maximum release peaks at 60 minutes at a percentage of 31.8% and 33.5% corresponding to concentrations of 2.779 and 2.925 μg/mL, respectively. The release and dissolution profiles of the sesquiterpene compounds indicated that a pH of 5-6 in the dissolution media is adequate for release of these markers of antimicrobial activity in Copaifera duckei Dwyer. Therefore, these conditions possibly favor the therapeutic action of CVC.
ABSTRACT
Introdução: As informações disponíveis a respeito do HIV/Aids, no Brasil, revelam uma epidemia com diferenças regionais relevantes e maneiras diversas de afetar a população,determinando a necessidade de se considerarem as dimensões de gênero, classe social, etnia e geração. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico da Aids no estado do Amapá, no período de janeiro de 1988 a dezembro de 2008. Métodos: Os dados foram obtidos a partir do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan), em colaboração com a Coordenação Estadual de DST/ Aids do Amapá. Resultados e Discussão: Dentre os 590 casos de Aids iagnosticados, no estado do Amapá, 65,8% foram de indivíduos do sexo masculino e 34,2% foram do sexo feminino. Entre os homens, a faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos (39,9%) foi a mais acometida, e, entre as mulheres, foi a de 20 a 29 anos (42,6%). O maior número de casos de Aids ocorreu em2006 (22,9%) e os menores índices foram no ano de 1999 (8,8%). A distribuição dos casos de doença pelo HIV, segundo a etnia dos indivíduos, não apresentou tendência significante. A distribuição dos casos de Aids foi maior entre os indivíduos com 4 a 7anos de escolaridade (42,5%) e a maior prevalência foi verificada no Oiapoque (0,17%), município que faz fronteira com a Guiana Francesa.
Introdution: The information available about HIV/AIDS in Brazilreveals an epidemic with relevant regional differences and differentways to affect the population, determining the need to consider gender,social class, ethnic and generation. Objective: To characterize theepidemiological profile of AIDS in the state of Amapá, from January1988 to December 2008. Methods: Data were obtained from theInformation System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), in collaborationwith the State Coordination of STD and AIDS in Amapá. Results andDiscussion: Among the 590 AIDS cases diagnosed in the State ofAmapá, 65.8% were males and 34.2% were female. Among men, themost affected age group was 30 to 39 years (39.9%), and amongwomen 20 to 29 years (42.6%). The largest number of AIDS casesoccurred in 2006 (22.9%) and the lowest were in 1999 (8.8%). Thedistribution of cases of HIV disease, according to the ethnic group,showed no significant trend. The distribution of AIDS cases wasgreater among individuals with 4-7 years of schooling (42.5%) andhighest prevalence was found in Oiapoque (0.17%), a municipalitythat borders on French Guiana.